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The Kris of Knaud, also known as the Keris of Knaud or Knaud's Kris, is the oldest known kris surviving in the world. Given to Charles Knaud, a Dutch physician, by Paku Alam V in the 19th century, the kris is on display at the Tropenmuseum, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam. ==The history of the kris== The kris bears the date of 1264 (which correspondends to 1342 AD) in its iron blade. Scientists suspect that due to its special features the kris is even older, but was decorated during the heyday of the Majapahit kingdom to celebrate an important event.〔Van Asdonck, Marjolein ‘Het sprookje van de kris.’ (Moesson Magazine, Volume 50, no.5, November 2005) p.27〕 The kris bears scenes from the Ramayana on an unusual thin copper layer which partially covers it. Charles Knaud (Batavia 1840 - Amsterdam 1897) was a Dutch physician and dukun (shaman) at the court of Yogyakarta. Knaud, who had studied Javanese mysticism, treated and cured the son of Paku Alam V (1878-1900), ruler of the hereditary Pakualaman principality in the Sultanate of Yogyakarta, of what the ruler believed to be "guna guna" (black magic). For saving his son's life, Paku Alam V, who was also a freemason at the Mataram lodge of Jogja,〔Stevens, Th. ''Vrijmetselarij en samenleving in Nederlands Indie en Indonesie 1764-1962'' (Publisher: Verloren, Hilversum) P.40 ISBN 90-6550-378-1〕 granted him a prestigious heirloom, a kris.〔Van Asdonck, Marjolein ‘Het sprookje van de kris.’ (Moesson Magazine, Volume 50, no.5, November 2005) p.27 ()〕 It was the oldest kris in the prince's collection. From 1903, the kris was believed to be lost, but it remained in the possession of Knaud's family. Long after Knaud's death, during World War II, his family buried the Keris in their garden to protect it during the Japanese occupation. During the Indonesian National Revolution, they took it to the Netherlands, where it was safeguarded in the family’s bank safe.〔Van Duuren, D. ''‘Een teruggevonden Indo-Javaans Unicum: De 'Kris van Knaud'. In: Aziatische Kunst, 34-2.’'' (Publisher: VVAK, Amsterdam, 2004)〕 In the 19th century, a plaster cast and a photograph of the kris were kept in the holdings of the Bataviaasch Museum of Arts and Archaeology. In 1920, N.J. Krom dedicated a full page to the keris in ''Hindoe-Javaansche Kunst''. David van Duuren a curator with the Royal Tropical Institute happened to ask Knaud's descendant, Kurht Knaud, if he was aware of the rare kris that had once been in his family's possession and was surprised to discover it still was. Kurht Knaud loaned the keris to the Royal Tropical Institute, K.I.T., Amsterdam, where it has been displayed since February 2003.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kris of Knaud」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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